Suchergebnisse

As a country of mega biodiversity, Indonesia is also vulnerable to biopiracy target. To prevent biopiracy, it is crucial to protect the country's genetic resources. In order to protect genetic resources and to prevent biopiracy, Indonesia has included the requirement of Disclosure of Origin (DO) in The Indonesian Patents Act, 2016 by imposing patent applicants to disclose the origins of genetic resources in Patent application. This paper critically analyses the Patents Act to highlight key issues that undermine the country's efforts to combat biopiracy. The principal findings are that there are significant problems with implementing DO provisions of the Act in the fight against bio piracy. The effectiveness of the legislation remains questionable and some important sections of the Act lack clarity. The purported regulatory framework under the Act to enforce DO and to help deal with biopiracy is ill defined and human resources are inadequate. The paper concludes that to combat biopiracy effectively Indonesia needs to review its legislative and institutional framework on DO and consider establishing a National Anti-Biopiracy Commission.

Two of the most significant events of the 1980s were the fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent reunification of Germany. Since the beginning of the 1990s, however, the euphoria that greeted these events has given way to concern as Germany adopts measures to deal with the realities of reunification against a background of general political and economic instability in the former Communist states of Eastern and southeastern Europe. Of the many post-reunification problems, the influx of refugees into Germany has predominated.